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The
Buddha
The Buddha, whose personal name was Siddhattha
(Siddhārtha in Sanskrit), and family name Gotama (Skt.
Gautama), lived in North India in the 6th century B.C. His
father, Suddhodana, was the ruler of the kingdom, of the
Sākyas (in modern Nepal). His mother was queen Māyā.
According to the custom of the time, he was married quite
young, at the age sixteen, to a beautiful and devoted young
princess named Yasodharā. The young prince lived in
his palace with every luxury at his command. But all of a
sudden, confronted with the reality of life and the suffering
of mankind, he decided to find the solution - the way out
of this universal suffering. At the age of 29, soon after
birth of his only child, Rāhula, he left his kingdom
and became an ascetic in search of this solution.
For six years the ascetic Gotama wandered
about the valley of the Ganges, meeting famous religious
teachers, studying and following their systems and methods,
and submitting himself to rigorous ascetic practices. They
did not satisfy him. So he abandoned all traditional religions
and their methods and went his own way. It was thus that
one evening, seated under a tree (since then known as the
Bodhi-or-Bo-tree, ‘the Tree of Wisdom’). On the
bank of the river Neranjarā at Buddha-Gaya (near Gaya
in modern Bihar), at the age of 35, Gotama attained Enlightenment,
after which he was known as the Buddha, ‘The Enlightened
One’.
After his Enlightenment, Gotama the Buddha
delivered his first sermon to a group of five ascetics, his
old colleagues, in the Deer Park at Isipatana (modern Sarnath)
near Benares. From that day, for 45 years, he taught all
classes of men and women-kings and peasants, Brahmins and
outcasts, bankers and beggars, holy men and robbers – without
making slightest distinction between them. He recognized
no differences of caste or social groupings, and the Way
he preached was open to all men and women who were ready
to understand and to follow it.
At the age of 80, the Buddha passed away
at Kusinārā (in modern Uttar Pradesh in India).
Today Buddhism is found in Ceylon, Burma,
Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Tibet, China, Japan, Mongolia,
Korea, Formosa, in some parts of India, Pakistan and Nepal,
and also in the Soviet Union. The Buddhist population of
the world is over 500 million.
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